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Good’s Irreducibility: The Discordancy Argument and Aristotle

Good’s Irreducibility: The Discordancy Argument and Aristotle

Aaron Morgan Anderson, “Good’s Irreducibility: The Discordancy Argument and Aristotle,” Revista Portuguesa de Filosofia 77, no. 1 (2021): 163–80, https://doi.org/10.17990/RPF/2021_77_1_0163.

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  • Good’s Irreducibility: The Discordancy Argument and Aristotle

    Type Journal Article
    Author Aaron Morgan Anderson
    Rights © 2021 by Revista Portuguesa de Filosofia
    Volume 77
    Issue 1
    Pages 163-180
    Publication Revista Portuguesa de Filosofia
    ISSN 0870-5283
    Date 2021
    DOI 10.17990/RPF/2021_77_1_0163
    Language English
    Abstract In this paper, I argue that the good is irreducible. I use the term ‘irreducible’ in a way similar to but not identical to G. E. Moore’s usage of ‘indefinable’ as found in Principia Ethica. By ‘irreducible,’ I mean that something cannot be simplified into something other than itself. For my purposes, this is to say that the good is sui generis and cannot be accounted for by anything other than itself. Inspired by what I take to be Moore’s basic insight, I develop my own argument pertaining to the uniqueness of the good. My argument goes partially beyond intuition, and hence beyond Moore, by means of applied intuitions (counterexamples). In the penultimate section, I apply the Discordancy Argument to Aristotle’s ethics, arguing that it is an attestation to the general virtue thesis that what is good does not admit of a reducible deduction. Broadly speaking, I consider the Discordancy Argument and general ethical intuitionism as justification for the Aristotelian idea that good actions are found in concrete particulars and not reducible abstractions, hinting at Aristotle’s affinity for ethical intuitionism. Furthermore, a recent debate surrounding moral ontology (per William Lane Craig and dissenters) is deemed obsolete.
    Date Added 4/29/2021, 12:33:10 AM
    Modified 4/29/2021, 11:30:20 AM

    Tags:

    • Aristotle, ethical intuitionism, G.E. Moore, metaethics, moral ontology, William Lane Craig.

    Notes:

    • Aristotle. Nicomachean Ethics. Translated by W. D. Ross. Oxford: Clarendon, 1926. http://classics.mit.edu/Aristotle/nicomachaen.html.
      Baumrin, Bernard. “Aristotle’s Ethical Intuitionism.” The New Scholasticism 42, no. 1 (Winter 1968), https://doi.org/10.5840/newscholas19684211
      Bentham, Jeremy. A Fragment on Government, or, A Comment on the Commentaries: Being an Examination of What Is Delivered on the Subject of Government in General in the Introduction to Sir William Blackstones̓ Commentaries: with a Preface in Which Is given a Critique on the Work at Large. London: E. Wilson, 1823.
      Craig, William Lane, and Kurtz, Paul. “The debate: is goodness without God good enough?” In Is Goodness Without God Enough: A Debate on Faith, Secularism, and Ethics, edited by Robert K. Garcia and Nathan L. King, 25–48. Plymouth UK: Rowman & Littlefield, 2009.
      Guevara, Daniel. “The Impossibility of Supererogation in Kant’s Moral Theory.” Philosophy and Phenomenological Research 59, no. 3 (September 1999), doi:10.2307/2653784.
      Huemer, Michael. Ethical Intuitionism. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2005.
      Joachim, H.H. Aristotle: The Nicomachean Ethics: A Commentary. Edited by D.A. Ross. Oxford: Clarendon Press: 1951.
      Jost, Lawrence. “Is Aristotle an Ethical Intuitionist?” Apeiron: A Journal for Ancient Philosophy and Science 10, no. 1 (May 1976), http://www.jstor.org/stable/40913374.
      Kant, Immanuel. Grounding for the Metaphysics of Morals. Translated and edited by Allen W. Wood. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2003.
      Macintyre, Alasdair. After Virtue. Notre Dame, IN: University of Notre Dame Press, 1984.
      Martin, Rex. “Intuitionism and The Practical Syllogism in Aristotle’s Ethics.” Apeiron: A Journal for Ancient Philosophy and Science 11, no. 2 (December 1977), http://www.jstor.org/stable/40913397.
      Miller, Alexander. An Introduction to Contemporary Metaethics. Cambridge: Polity Press, 2003.
      Moore, G. E. Principia Ethica (1903). Buffalo, NY: Prometheus Books, 1988. http://fair-use.org/g-e-moore/principia-ethica/chapter-i.
      Morriston, Wes. “God and the Ontological Foundation of Morality.” Religious Studies 48, no. 1 (March 2012): 15-34.
      Wielenberg, Erik J. “God and Morality.” In Value and Virtue in a Godless Universe, 38–67. Cambridge University Press, 2005, doi:10.1017/CBO9781139165433.003.

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