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The Ideal Observer and God: The Persistence of Theism

The Ideal Observer and God: The Persistence of Theism

Charles Taliaferro, “The Ideal Observer and God: The Persistence of Theism,” Revista Portuguesa de Filosofia 81, no. 3 (2025): 827–36, https://doi.org/10.17990/RPF/2025_81_3_0827.

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  • The Ideal Observer and God: The Persistence of Theism

    Item Type Journal Article
    Author Charles Taliaferro
    Abstract As divine command theories of ethics have waned in western philosophy (but not vanished), the Ideal Observer Theory (IOT) has emerged to retain a God’s eye point of view in ethical theory without positing the actual existence of God. The IOT has prompted many objections that can be met. While an IOT has merit and need not presuppose the truth of theism, it has a flaw and can receive greater plausibility insofar as classical, Anselmian theism is cogent. Such a theistic framework provides a teleological view of nature that can support a stable moral realism from the standpoint of an ideal observer who, given the truth of theism, would not be only a hypothetical posit, but God.
    Date 2025
    Language English
    Rights © 2025 by Aletheia - Associação Científica e Cultural
    Volume 81
    Pages 827-836
    Publication Revista Portuguesa de Filosofia
    DOI 10.17990/RPF/2025_81_3_0827
    Issue 3
    Journal Abbr RPF
    ISSN 0870-5283 ; 2183-461X
    Date Added 10/29/2025, 9:29:41 PM
    Modified 10/30/2025, 5:23:55 PM

    Tags:

    • Anselmian theism, divine command theory, ethical theory, ideal observer theory, moral realism, philosophy of religion, teleology.

    Notes:

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      Smith, Adam. The Theory of Moral Sentiments. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002.

      Taliaferro, Charles. “The Divine Command Theory of Ethics and the Ideal Observer.” Sophia, vol. 22, 1983, 3-8.

      Taliaferro, Charles. “The Environmental Ethics of the Ideal Observer.” Environmental Ethics 10:3, 1988, 233-250.

      Taliaferro, Charles. Contemporary Philosophy of Religion. Oxford: Blackwell, 1997, chapter seven.

      Taliaferro, Charles. “The Ideal Aesthetic Observer.” British Journal of Aesthetics 30, 1990, 1-1.

      Taliaferro, Charles. The Golden Chords; A short book on the secular and the Sacred. Notre Dame: University of Notre Dame Press, 2012.

      Taliaferro, Charles. The Cascade Companion to Evil. Eugene OR: Cascade Press, 2020.

      Wielenberg, Erik. Value and Virtue in a Godless Universe. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

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