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Página principal>Revista Portuguesa de Filosofia>2024,V.81,N.1-2, Desconstrução: 20 anos após a morte de Derrida>Deconstruction 20 Years after Derrida’s Death

Deconstruction 20 Years after Derrida’s Death

Deconstruction 20 Years after Derrida’s Death

Andreas Gonçalves Lind and Gaetano Piccolo, “Deconstruction 20 Years after Derrida’s Death,” Revista Portuguesa de Filosofia 81, no. 1–2 (2025): 13–16, https://doi.org/10.17990/RPF/2025_81_1_0013.

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Deconstruction 20 years after Derrida’s death

Item Type Journal Article
Author Andreas Gonçalves Lind
Author Gaetano Piccolo
Abstract The year 2024 marks the 20th anniversary of the passing of Jacques Derrida (1930-2004), one of the most significant philosophers of our time. This milestone provides an opportunity to reexamine his work, which has had a lasting impact on Western philosophy. With this in mind, we embarked on the journey of assembling this volume, which is now being published. Although initially influenced by the phenomenological tradition of Husserl, Derrida quickly departed from his predecessors by demonstrating how phenomenological reduction either cannot be achieved or fails to correspond to the phenomenon that we observe in its pure form. It was in this context that Derrida diverged from the “metaphysics of presence,” a defining characteristic of Western philosophy that emphasizes the primacy of presence in thought. This expression, “metaphysics of presence,” encompasses various forms of “presence,” including the presence of objects in time, the determination of being as presence, and the presence of the subject in relation to another subject at an epistemological level. According to Derrida, even if this is the only possible metaphysics, it cannot be fully defined. The metaphysics of presence permeates not only philosophy but also linguistics, literature, economics, art criticism, political science, and even theology. Having begun his philosophical journey by studying Husserl’s phenomenology, particularly regarding the question of the origin and structure of meaning, Derrida remained always close to this philosophical tradition but always sought to deconstruct it. Husserl’s phenomenology sought to reach an original and pure experience of meaning, where phenomena would present themselves transparently to intentional consciousness. This was a method based on phenomenological reduction, i.e., a procedure that eliminated presuppositions and everyday beliefs to arrive at the essence of the phenomenon. However, Derrida identified in this approach a certain metaphysical assumption: the belief that it would be possible to attain an absolute point of origin and full meaning, free from external interferences or deviations. At the bottom, it was a philosophy which remained linked to the Cartesian tradition. Building on this critique, Derrida developed deconstruction, which marks a rupture with the search for pure essences and univocal meanings. Instead of admitting that there is a final foundation accessible to consciousness, he argued that meaning is always deferred, always in process, never fully present. This concept, which he develops through the notion of différance, suggests that meaning arises only in the relation between signs, never in an immediate presence. In this way, he distances himself from Husserl’s approach by showing that any attempt to reduce meaning to a point of transparency encounters the very structure of language, which is always mediated by differences and deferrals.
Date 2025
Language English
Rights © 2025 by Aletheia - Associação Científica e Cultural
Volume 81
Pages 13-16
Publication Revista Portuguesa de Filosofia
DOI 10.17990/RPF/2025_81_1_0013
Issue 1-2
Journal Abbr RPF
ISSN 0870-5283 ; 2183-461X
Date Added 5/2/2025, 4:29:19 PM
Modified 5/2/2025, 4:38:40 PM

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